thermoelectric
termoelectrica españa
 

Thermoelectrial energy

 
 

Others of the solar techniques used to generate energy primary are the thermoelectrial one,of which they are already beginning to be made commercial facilities in Spain, in a market than more mature to the arrival of alternative energies to fossil fuels.

Thermal solar energy of low and hight temperature

It is important to differentiate between the flat collectors or the vacuum tubes, technically denominated "of low temperature", and the parabolic collectors of concentration (CPC), denominated ' of high temperature ". The qualifying one received by first does not indicate that their temperature is insufficient, but that its productivity is the advisable one for the habitually used systems of domestic heating in the houses.

The collectors of high temperature, on the contrary, yes need to reach temperatures superior to the boiling because they are used of industrial form in power stations dedicated exclusively to the generation of electricity by means of the thermal solar energy.

The investigation in Spain

Spain is one of the pioneering countries in investigation of thermoelectrial energy, with the Solar Platform of Almeria directed by the CIEMAT, Power, Environmental and Technological Research center of the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain.

The Solar Platform of Almeria initiated its walking at the beginning of the decade of the 80 in the desert of Taverns, and developed two different projects until 1986:

  • a.SSPS (Small Power Solar System), supported by the Agency the International of Energy (IEA), consisting of a system of cylindrical-parabolic concentrators and in another one of central tower.
  • b. The Termosolar Power station of Almeria (1 STOPS -), of solely Spanish technology, based on the concept of central tower, with 300 heliostats.

In the later stage, they were developed all type of investigations on the thermal solar energy, specially the one of high temperature, in collaboration with Research centers German, some of which still they are in march.

At the moment, and after Real Decrees 436/2004 (BOE of the 27/03/2004) and 2351/2004 (BOE of the 24/12/2004), a new impulse no longer solely to the investigation, but also to the market of the thermoelectrial energy has occurred, since technical subventions and facilities are offered, such as the possibility of combining the thermoelectrial generation with the use of the gas like alternative means.



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The thermoelectrial plants concentrate solar rays on a fluid that reaches the boiling degree; the steam is used to move a turbine, that generates electricity.

According to calculations of the solar Platform of Almeria, a plant of this annual type avoids 2000 metric ton of CO2 emissions by each MW. Installed.

One is not a technology in investigation; its effectiveness is more than verified, although their costs of installation, superior to those of a conventional thermal power station - based on the combustion -, are restraining their expansion at commercial level.

Configurations of solar concentration

Cylindrical-parabolic collectors Plant with central receiver
Cylindrical-parabolic collectors Plant with central receiver


Cylindrical-parabolic concentrators:concave mirrors -curved in channel form that concentrate their radiation on a tube that transports oil that reaches discharges temperatures. Several power stations in the world exist, specially in California, most comprises of investigation projects and they are not exploded commercially. Its character of cycle combined with ombustión of gas makes more productive.
Central receiver in tower: a field of heliostatos that follow the Sun automatically and orient the ray towards a receiver located on a tower. The power of the power station goes of 10 to 200 MW. Its function until now has been merely of investigation.
Parabolic discs:not very frequent. They have form of satellite dish and its power tip oscillates between 5 and 25 kW. One still is in phase of investigation.

Present situation of the thermoelectrc solar energy

More technological advances are not necessary. The technology is there, hoping the investment to produce great amounts of electricity. The only limitation is geographic then, logically, its productivity this based on its latitude and of the climatology to which they estan put under, reason why the regions where its future appears more promising is in the southwestern zone of E.E.U.U., Central America and of the South, Africa, Near East, Mediterranean Europe, Iran, Pakistan, and the desert regions of India, the Russian, Chinese Federation and Australia.

Spain is by extension and latitude, the European country with more potential it solar energy, reason why the thermoelectrial one is outlined like one of our options of future in the sector of the energy.

According to Greenpeace "the operation of less of 1% of the world-wide thermal solar potential would be sufficient to stabilize the world-wide climate by means of massive reductions of CO2"

This technique can also be used for industrial processes or industrial air conditioning, although at the moment still investigations are being developed that aim towards an optimization of industrial equipment to combine with this system.

In fact, it already exists in project in the province of Seville a power station of central the Receptor type in tower, of Solar the Abengoa company, that will be installed Sanlúcar the Greater one, and will receive like name "PS10". It will be the first power station of the world created by a company, because las centrales in operation they belong a proyectos de investigación solely.

Iberdrola, on the other hand, already has predicted the installation within our territory of nine thermoelectrial solar plants of type cylindrical-parabolic concentrator of 50 MW. each one. a proyectos de investigación.

It is of preveer that some countries, like the meridionals of Europe or the Magreb, specialize in its commercialization and they export it, with a demand that suspects flood due to the raised one the prices of fossil fuels.

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